Cell Structure and Functions · SHS2 Biology

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 2.2.2.LI.4 - Describe how proteins are formed in the cell and explain the importance of protein synthesis in living things.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Outline the two main stages of protein synthesis (transcription and translation) in the correct sequence.
Describe the roles of DNA, mRNA, tRNA, ribosomes, and amino acids in the formation of proteins within a cell.
Explain how the sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein, using the terms codon and anticodon correctly.
Evaluate at least three reasons why protein synthesis is important for the growth, repair, and functioning of living things.
Construct a flowchart showing the journey of genetic information from DNA to a finished protein, using accurate biological terminology.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Life in the Fundamental Unit (Strand 2)
Sub-strand: Cell Structure and Functions (2.2)
Content standard: 2.2.2.CS.2 - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the molecular structure of nucleic acids and their importance in the synthesis of protein in living things. 2.2.2.LO.2 Explain the Watson-Crick model of Nucleic acids (the DNA), and their roles in synthesising proteins for building the body of living things.
Indicator: 2.2.2.LI.4 - Describe how proteins are formed in the cell and explain the importance of protein synthesis in living things.
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 16 (Week 16 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 71

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Project-Based Learning: watch video tapes and simulations about protein synthesis and form mixability groups to discuss their observations; learners in mixed ability groups learn to appreciate the strength and abilities of each member, working together and help one another to achieve results.
Diamond Nine Learning Approach: create a flowchart diagram on the processes involved in protein synthesis and describe the steps involved in each process; application of diamond nine offer students an open and frank discussion over the topic, encouraging members to speak, and allowing members to assess the depth of each learner's understanding of the topic and help one another to fully appreciate the lesson.
Initiating Talk for Learning: make personal notes on processes involved in protein synthesis and their importance to life and explain this in class; learners reflect over what they can do as individuals, thereby building confidence in them and learning to accept what other people can do.
Teaching and Learning Materials:
- * LCD/TV * Pen drive
- * Models of DNA. * Models of eukaryotic cells
- * Mobile phone
Assessment (2.2.1.AS.4). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 1 Recall; Level 3 Strategic reasoning; Level 4 Extended critical thinking and reasoning.