SHS2 Chemistry · Semester 2 Week 16: Organic Functional Groups

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 2.3.2.LI.3 - Describe the structure, bonding, properties of benzene and its uses in everyday life.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

State the molecular formula of benzene (C6H6) and draw its Kekulé structure, showing the arrangement of six carbon atoms in a ring with alternating double and single bonds.
Explain the limitations of the Kekulé structure and describe how resonance theory and molecular orbital theory account for the actual stability and bonding in benzene.
Predict and describe the characteristic reactions of benzene, including substitution reactions with halogens, conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4, alkyl halides and acyl halides, and explain why benzene resists addition reactions like those of alkenes.
Discuss the addition reaction of benzene with hydrogen and explain what conditions are required.
List at least five everyday uses of benzene and its derivatives in Ghanaian life, linking them to industries and products encountered locally.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Chemistry of Carbon Compounds (Strand 3)
Sub-strand: Organic Functional Groups (3.2)
Content standard: 2.3.2.CS.1 - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of source, structure, nomenclature, properties and uses of organic compounds as well as the characteristic test for their functional groups. 2.3.2.LO.1 Explain the source, structure, nomenclature, properties, uses of the various classes of organic compounds and the test for their functional groups.
Indicator: 2.3.2.LI.3 - Describe the structure, bonding, properties of benzene and its uses in everyday life.
Suggested placement: Semester 2, Week 16 (Week 36 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 88

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Collaborative Learning Approach: In small groups, describe the structure, stability and bonding of Benzene (Kekule, resonance and molecular orbital theories).
Digital Learning: Watch videos or use virtual laboratory to investigate and identify patterns of substitution reactions of benzene with halogens, conc. HNO , conc. H SO , alkyl halide and 3 2 4 acyl halide.
Inquiry-Based Learning:
- Discuss addition reactions of benzene with hydrogen and Halogens.
- Use concept map to summarise the reactions of benzene.
- Discuss the importance of benzene in everyday life.
Teaching and Learning Materials:
- * Molecular models * Video of greenhouse effect, toxicity of CO, acid rain * Worksheets with task on naming, isomer, and properties * Worksheets with tasks on naming, isomers, properties, uses of alkenes * Video of preparation of ethyne * Worksheets with tasks on naming, isomers, properties, uses of alkynes * Materials to design alcohol breath analyser Kit for esterification reactions * Na, NaHCO , PCl , C H OH, LiAlH * Worksheets on reactions of benzene
- WEBSITE * Virtual lab/video on laboratory and reactions of alkanoic acids * Virtual lab/video on laboratory and industrial preparation of alcohol
- 3 5 2 5
- YEAR THREE
- 4
- * Virtual labs on preparation of
- Virtual lab on preparation of
- Videos on the topic:
- CHARTS * Charts on homologous series column * Charts on uses of alkynes * Charts on uses of alkenes * Chart on uses of benzene
- Chart on classes of alcohols,
- Chart on uses of alkanoic acids * Chart on molecular orbital
- alkene, test for alkenes alkynes khanacademy.org
- of alkanes, fractionating
- uses of alkanols
- theory of benzene
Assessment (2.3.2.AS.3). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 2 Skills of conceptual understanding.