SHS2 Chemistry · Semester 1 Week 2: Matter and Its Properties

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 2.1.1.LI.2 - Determine the various enthalpy changes as well as the calorific value of common foods and fuels used in everyday life through calorimetry.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Define calorimetry and explain the principle of heat transfer between a reaction system and its surroundings.
Describe and set up a simple calorimeter using readily available materials.
Carry out a calorimetry experiment to determine the enthalpy change of combustion of a common fuel, such as ethanol, and a common food, such as groundnut or maize.
Use the relationship ΔH = mcΔT to calculate enthalpy changes from experimental data.
Determine the calorific value of common Ghanaian foods and fuels and compare their energy contents.
Evaluate experimental results by identifying sources of error and suggesting improvements to the procedure.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Physical Chemistry (Strand 1)
Sub-strand: Matter and Its Properties (1.1)
Content standard: 2.1.1.CS.1 - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding that energy changes occur in chemical reactions as a result of reorganization of atoms at different rates. 2.1.1.LO.1 Describe the different energy changes that occur as a result of reorganization of atoms. 3 Gender Equality and Social Inclusion 4 Socio-Emotional Learning 2.1.1.LO.2 Use the concept of chemical kinetics to explain that chemical reactions proceed at different rates depending on their conditions and design experiment to investigate these conditions.
Indicator: 2.1.1.LI.2 - Determine the various enthalpy changes as well as the calorific value of common foods and fuels used in everyday life through calorimetry.
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 2 (Week 2 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 62

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Inquiry-based learning:
- In small mixed-ability groups, design and carry out circus experiments to determine c. Enthalpy change of combustion of alcohols and food substances, such as maize or groundnut. d. Enthalpy of neutralization of acid and base (HCl and NaOH)-enthalpy of solution (NH Cl and CaCl solutes). 4 2 e. Enthalpy of solution (Zn and CuSO solutes)
- Use the relationship, ∆H = mc∆T to calculate enthalpy changes from the experimental results.
- Interpret the results and evaluate the experiment.
Digital Learning: Watch video or use virtual laboratory to reinforce the measurement of energy content of food and fuels.
Teaching and Learning Materials:
- * Worksheets: for drawing and labelling enthalpy profile diagram. * Worksheets for supporting calculation of standard enthalpy changes. * Worksheets with task on applying Hess' law to calculate enthalpy of reaction. * Calculator * Hot water * Hydrochloric acid * Sodium hydroxide pellets * Thermometer * Copper sulphate * Zinc powder * Virtual lab on calorimetry * Use of gas syringe * Chemical balance * Calcium chloride
- * Probe
- Beakers (100ml and 400ml)
- Ammonium chloride * Calorimetry setup * Conical flask * Beakers * Marble chips * Hydrochloric acids * Kits for sulphur-clock experiment * Kits for investigating effect of of H O 2 2 * Graph sheets
- WEBSITE
- Videos on the topic:khanacademy.org
- catalyst on decomposition
Assessment (2.1.1.AS.2). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 4 Extended critical thinking and reasoning.