JHS2 Mathematics · Term 3 Week 11: Chance or Probability

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: B8.4.2.1.1

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Identify two independent events in a probability experiment and explain why they are independent.
List the complete sample space for a probability experiment involving two independent events, such as drawing coloured bottle tops from a bag with replacement.
Perform a hands-on probability experiment with two independent events and record the outcomes accurately.
Distinguish between experiments conducted with replacement and without replacement, and state how this affects the sample space.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Handling Data (Strand 4)
Sub-strand: Chance or Probability (4.2)
Content standard: B8.4.2.1 - Identify the sample space for a probability experiment involving two independent events and express the probabilities of given events as fractions, decimals, percentages and/or ratios to solve problems.
Indicator: B8.4.2.1.1 - Perform a probability experiment involving two independent events such as drawing coloured bottle tops from a bag with replacement and list the elements of the sample space
Suggested placement: Term 3, Week 11 (Week 35 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: Mathematics, Common Core Programme (JHS1-JHS3), 2023, p. 161
Transcribed from the official NaCCA publication. Check this page against the source.

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

E.g. 1In an experiment, Emmanuel was asked to pick one bottle top from a bag, three times, which contains 3 red, 2 green and 1 pink bottle tops.
i. List the elements of the sample space of the events.
ii. The sample space of the event of picking a red bottle top, R, with replacement is?
iii. The probability of picking a red bottle top is ………….
E.g. 2 Consider the following two events: (a) throwing of a fair six-sided die and (b) tossing a fair coin
i. What is the sample space for (a) and for (b)?
ii. Does the occurrence of event (a) affect the occurrence of event (b)?
iii. What is the probability of an even number showing up in (a)? What is the probability of a head showing up in (b)?
iv. What is the relationship between the two events?
E.g. 3 Ampofo and Serwa are two learners from a school. Ampofo walks to school daily and Serwa travels to school on a bus daily.
i. Does the event of Ampofo affect that of Serwa?
ii. Can the two events occur together?