Technology in Our Local… · SHS1 General Science

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 1.4.2.LI.2 - Explain the processes of producing different types of soap.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Describe the key stages in the production of local soap, from preparation of raw materials to curing of the finished product.
Compare and contrast the processes used to produce at least three different types of soap (for example, hard bar soap, soft soap, and medicated or herbal soap).
Explain the science behind soap making, including the process of saponification, in clear everyday language.
Evaluate how varying the types or quantities of reactants (oils, alkalis, additives) changes the properties of the soap produced.
Document and present the soap-making process observed during a field visit, using accurate scientific terminology.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Relationships with the Environment (Strand 4)
Sub-strand: Technology in Our Local Industries (4.2)
Content standard: 1.4.2.CS.1 - Demonstrate understanding of the process of local soap making and design methods of producing soaps for different purposes for income generation. 1.4.2.LO.1 Produce local soap in the community.
Indicator: 1.4.2.LI.2 - Explain the processes of producing different types of soap.
Suggested placement: Semester 2, Week 16 (Week 36 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 59

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

- Put learners into mixed-ability groups to conduct experiments to prepare a local soap. They should vary the materials (reactants) to see the outcomes.
- Lead learners to visit a place in your community where local soap(s) is/are produced to observe and document the stages of production and the diversity in the soaps. Learners will then reflect and make presentations.
- Allow learners, working in convenient groups, to use the internet, books, and journals to brainstorm and write a report on the science processes (saponification, etc.) in the stages of production of the local soap.
Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Writing materials
- Camera.
- Voice recording device
- Journal from a field trip
- Internet sources (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1MtzyxQiqKo, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kc7duzDEa6Y)
Assessment (1.4.2.AS.2). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 4 Extended critical thinking and reasoning.