Essentials for Survival · SHS3 General Science

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 3.2.1.LI.1 - Model and discuss the structure of the skeleton and muscles

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Label the major bones of the human skeleton on a diagram or model, including the skull, vertebral column, ribcage, clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula and patella.
Describe at least four functions of the human skeleton, such as support, protection, movement and blood cell production.
Distinguish between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton and give at least three examples of bones in each division.
Explain how skeletal muscles attach to bones and describe the role of tendons and antagonistic pairs in producing movement.
Construct a working model that demonstrates how muscles and bones work together to produce movement at a joint.

The indicator is also referenced in the Key Concepts and Guided Practice sections below, where the structure and functions of the skeleton and muscles are modelled and discussed in line with 3.2.1.LI.1.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Processes for Living (Strand 2)
Sub-strand: Essentials for Survival (2.1)
Content standard: 3.2.1.CS.2 - Develop an understanding of the relationships between bones, skeleton and muscles and the principles underlying the movement of various parts of the human body. 3.2.1.LO.2 Demonstrate how movement occurs in parts of the human body.
Indicator: 3.2.1.LI.1 - Model and discuss the structure of the skeleton and muscles
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 16 (Week 16 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 99

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Collaborative Learning:
- Learners use think-pair-share in mixed-ability groups to model and describe the structure and functions of the parts of the skeleton.
- Learners work in mixed-ability groups to describe the general structure and functions of human muscles and their attachment to skeletons human muscles' general structure and functions and share their ideas with peers using a model, picture or diagram.
- Learners use think-pair-share in mixed-ability groups to model and describe the nature of the movement of muscles. Summarise the movement of muscles into categories.
Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Chart/picture/model of the general structure of the human skeleton
- Picture
- videos
Assessment (3.2.1.AS.1). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 4 Extended critical thinking and reasoning.