Equilibria · SHS1 Chemistry

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 1.1.2.LI.3 - Perform tests on water-soluble compounds to identify ions based on the solubility rules.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

State the general solubility rules for common cations and anions and apply them to predict whether a given ionic compound is soluble or insoluble in water.
Perform confirmatory tests using NaOH(aq) and NH3(aq) to identify the presence of specific cations (Al3+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Pb2+, NH4+) in an unknown solution.
Carry out tests to identify anions (CO3(2-), Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3(-), SO3(2-), SO4(2-), S(2-)) based on their characteristic reactions with appropriate reagents.
Use the grid method to systematically determine the ions present in an unknown salt sample.
Analyse and interpret observations from qualitative analysis tests to draw logical conclusions about the composition of water-soluble compounds.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Physical Chemistry (Strand 1)
Sub-strand: Equilibria (1.2)
Content standard: 1.1.2.CS.1 - Demonstrate knowledge and application of solubility and solubility rules. 1.1.2.LO.1 Apply the solubility rules to analyse and predict the behaviour of common ionic compounds in qualitative analysis.
Indicator: 1.1.2.LI.3 - Perform tests on water-soluble compounds to identify ions based on the solubility rules.
Suggested placement: Semester 2, Week 7 (Week 27 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Source document note: The official curriculum document has a fault in this entry, so the curriculum text above is transcribed exactly as printed:

indicator text - p.44: the indicator token is visibly printed `1.1.1.LI.3` inside content standard `1.1.2.CS.1`; `1.1.2.LI.3` is used because the printed section wins
exemplars - p.44: the assessment token is visibly printed `1.1.1.AS.3` inside section 1.1.2; its content is retained and associated by table position
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 44

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Talk for Learning: Brainstorm to explain the solubility rules and predict the effect of precipitating agents on some ions.
Inquiry-Based Learning: In mixed gender grouping where applicable,
- Design and perform experiment to test for the presence of the following cations (Al 3+, Ca 2+, Cu , Fe , Fe , Zn , Pb , NH ) using NaOH 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 4+ and NH as precipitating (aq) 3(aq) reagents,
- Design and perform tests to identify and describe the behaviour of the following anions (CO , Cl , Br , I , NO , SO , SO , S ) 32- - - - 3- 32- 42- 2-
- Design and perform an experiment to determine the presence of salt using the grid method.
Teaching and Learning Materials:
- * Worksheets, * Simulations (PHET), video, virtual laboratory can be used here. * Warm and cold water * Sugar * Common salt * Thermometer * Beaker
- * Tripod stand * *
- Salts containing desired cations or anions, * Test tubes * Wash bottle * * Chart
- Gauze * * Chart Source of heat * Excel sheet
- Graph
- * Distilled water
- Bench solutions, * Dropper
- CHARTS of the solubility rules on the solubility of different salts
Assessment (1.1.2.AS.3). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 4 Extended critical thinking and reasoning.