Atomic Physics · SHS3 Physics

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 3.4.1.LI.1 - Describe how x-rays are produced

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Describe in sequence the key processes inside an x-ray tube, including thermionic emission, acceleration of electrons, and their sudden deceleration at the anode.
Explain the role of the cathode, anode, and high voltage in the production of x-rays.
State the two main mechanisms by which x-rays are produced: bremsstrahlung (braking radiation) and characteristic x-ray emission.
Observe and report the key features of an x-ray production simulation or video, and sequence labelled diagrams correctly.
Discuss one safety consideration in x-ray production and one real-world application that depends on the physics described in the lesson.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Atomic and Nuclear Physics (Strand 4)
Sub-strand: Atomic Physics (4.1)
Content standard: 3.4.1.CS.1 - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the production of x-rays. 3.4.1.LO.1 Recognise the applications of x-rays in medicine, and other industrial sectors.
Indicator: 3.4.1.LI.1 - Describe how x-rays are produced
Suggested placement: Semester 2, Week 16 (Week 36 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 198

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Collaborative learning: Using simulations and multimedia, let learners watch a video/simulation of how x- rays are produced.
Encourage reflection on the potential impact of biases on individuals' opportunities and aspirations, and foster a commitment to promoting equitable access and representation in the field of radiation physics.
Assessment (3.4.1.AS.1). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 2 Skills of conceptual understanding.
Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Audio-visuals
- Internet
- Projectors
- YouTube
- Interactive virtual laboratory