Anatomy and Physiology · SHS2 Biomedical Science

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 2.2.1.LI.2 - Determine how communication works in the body and its effects.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Describe the sequence of events in neural communication, from stimulus reception to the release of chemical signals at the synapse, using correct terminology (dendrite, axon, synapse, neurotransmitter).
Explain how a neuron generates an action potential through changes in membrane permeability to sodium and potassium ions, including the roles of depolarisation, repolarisation, and the resting membrane potential.
Trace the pathway of a reflex action, identifying the sensory neuron, relay neuron, motor neuron and effector, and explain why reflex actions occur faster than conscious responses.
Analyse how the speed and effectiveness of communication between neurons affect body responses, and predict what happens when normal communication is disrupted (for example, slowed or blocked signals).
Demonstrate on a diagram the flow of information from one neuron to another, labelling the key structures and the direction of impulse travel.

Sign in with your phone number to read the full note and download the GES plan - free.

Sign in with phone number

Curriculum details

Strand: Human Body Systems (Strand 2)
Sub-strand: Anatomy and Physiology (2.1)
Content standard: 2.2.1.CS.1 - Demonstrate an understanding of the interconnectedness of some body systems for communication. 2.2.1.LO.1 Identify the various regions the brain, describe their functions and their interconnectedness with some body systems for communication.
Indicator: 2.2.1.LI.2 - Determine how communication works in the body and its effects.
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 11 (Week 11 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 59

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Digital Learning: The teacher uses a video or picture or a 3D model to illustrate how the neurons use electrical impulses and chemical signals to transmit information to different brain areas, and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
Collaborative Learning: Brainstorm on how specific impulses are transmitted, including reflex actions. In groups, investigate how membrane potentials are generated in neurons and how changes the membrane potential of individual neurons generate action potential by neuron's plasma membrane permeability changes for communication with other neurons and cell types. Learners to present their findings to their colleagues for feedback.
Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Anatomical textbook
- Pictures
- Projector
- Anatomical models
- Charts Projector
- EEG recording facility
- Flip charts
Assessment (2.2.1.AS.2). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 2 Skills of conceptual understanding; Level 3 Strategic reasoning; Level 4 Extended critical thinking and reasoning.
Extended in critical thinking and reasoning