SHS1 Robotics · Semester 1 Week 15: Sensors & Actuators

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 1.1.3.LI.2 - Apply knowledge from linear equations to calibrate linear sensors and to scale sensor readings to fit within a desired max-min range.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Define calibration and explain why linear sensors produce inaccurate or unstandardised readings that require correction.
Derive a linear equation in the form y = mx + c from two known data points (sensor reading, actual value).
Use the derived linear equation to convert raw sensor readings into calibrated, standardised values.
Apply the scaling formula (output = minimum + (raw - raw_min) × (max - min) ÷ (raw_max - raw_min)) to rescale sensor readings into a desired max-min range.
Calibrate at least one linear sensor (light, temperature, or ultrasonic) in pairs, record the procedure, and present the results to the class for feedback.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Principles of Robotic Systems (Strand 1)
Sub-strand: Sensors & Actuators (1.3)
Content standard: 1.1.3.CS.2 - 1.1.3.CS.2 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of sensor outputs for performance improvement in robotic systems. 1.1.3.LO.2 Experiment with varying linear sensors such as Light sensors, Colour Sensors, Ultrasonic Sensors, Temperature sensors, etc., explain their outputs and apply linear equations to calibrate them.
Indicator: 1.1.3.LI.2 - Apply knowledge from linear equations to calibrate linear sensors and to scale sensor readings to fit within a desired max-min range.
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 15 (Week 15 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 42

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Project-Based Learning: Demonstrate how linear sensors can be calibrated using linear equations. In pairs, learners follow the same procedures to calibrate different kinds of linear sensors and share them with the class for feedback.

Assessment (1.1.3.AS.2). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 4 Extended critical thinking and reasoning.

Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Sensors
- Graph Books
- Function Generators
- Monitors