SHS2 Robotics · Semester 1 Week 17: Sensors & Actuators

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 2.1.3.LI.1 - Apply mathematical methods to programmatically convert continuous-time sensor output to discrete-time digital output.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Explain the difference between continuous-time analogue sensor output and discrete-time digital output using examples from real sensors.
Apply the sampling equation N = (V_max - V_min) / resolution to determine the number of digital output values a given analogue signal can be converted into.
Write a simple program (in pseudocode or a block-based language) that samples an analogue sensor input at specified intervals and produces a finite number of digital output levels.
Calculate the digital value for a given analogue voltage reading using the mapping equation digital_value = (analogue_reading / V_max) × (number_of_levels - 1).
Demonstrate their program to classmates and explain the mathematical reasoning behind their code.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Principles of Robotic Systems (Strand 1)
Sub-strand: Sensors & Actuators (1.3)
Content standard: 2.1.3.CS.2 - 2.1.3.CS.2 Demonstrate knowledge of the application of equations in the programmatic implementation of analogue to digital conversion and control of actuators. 2.1.3.LO.2 Use mathematical knowledge for sensor data manipulation and application for digital control of actuators.
Indicator: 2.1.3.LI.1 - Apply mathematical methods to programmatically convert continuous-time sensor output to discrete-time digital output.
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 17 (Week 17 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 97

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Project-Based Learning: Use demonstrations and illustrations to guide learners in writing programs to implement mathematical equations that accept and sample continuous analogue sensor inputs to produce any specified finite number of digital output values. Individual learners share what they have done with the class for comments.

Assessment (2.1.3.AS.1). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 2 Skills of conceptual understanding.

Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Computers with required programming IDEs
- Sensors connected to a processing unit or a built programmable robot
- Built and programmable Robots
- Graph books
- Mathematical Sets
- French Curves