SHS2 Geography · Semester 1 Week 7: Rocks, Weathering, Soil and Mass Wasting

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 2.1.2.LI.1 - State and explain the factors of soil formation

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Define soil and describe the basic composition of soil, including mineral matter, organic matter, water and air.
State at least five factors of soil formation from memory.
Explain how each factor (parent material, climate, relief/topography, organisms, time, and human activities) influences soil formation.
Use local examples of soils in Ghana to illustrate how different factors have shaped them.
Work collaboratively in mixed groups to discuss and present findings on factors of soil formation.

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Curriculum details

Strand: The Earth and Its Neighbourhoods (Strand 1)
Sub-strand: Rocks, Weathering, Soil and Mass Wasting (1.2)
Content standard: 2.1.2.CS.1 - 2.1.2.CS.1 Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of soils 2.1.2.LO.1 Discuss the factors of soil formation, soil types and importance
Indicator: 2.1.2.LI.1 - State and explain the factors of soil formation
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 7 (Week 7 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 69

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Talk for Learning: Brainstorm on the definition, composition and profile of soils ensuring gender responsiveness and different abilities.
Collaborative learning and talk for learning: Using mixed ability and interactive small groups, discuss the factors of soil formation. Learners should be able to manage their emotional reactions and behaviours using techniques such as mindfulness strategies, breathing, and self-talk.

Assessment (2.1.2.AS.1). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 2 Skills of conceptual understanding; Level 3 Strategic reasoning.

Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Collect samples of soil types in the environment
- Charts and pictures of soil types, their composition
- Buckets, bottle of water, funnel, and other soil sampling materials
- Google Earth or satellite images of soil degradation
- Videos on soil formational processes, types, soil degradation processes and conservative techniques