SHS2 Biomedical Science · Semester 1 Week 17: Diseases and Disorders

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 2.2.2.LI.3

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

State at least three causes of diabetes mellitus, distinguishing between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
Describe the common symptoms of diabetes (weight loss, frequent urination, blurry vision, extreme fatigue, and sores that do not heal) and explain why each symptom occurs.
Interpret fasting blood sugar values to diagnose whether a patient is normal, pre-diabetic, or diabetic.
Explain how the body’s feedback system involving insulin and blood glucose works to maintain homeostasis.
Discuss the effects of untreated diabetes on other body systems (heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, feet, gums) and its impact on a person’s lifestyle, including treatment options such as medication, diet, and exercise.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Human Body Systems (Strand 2)
Sub-strand: Diseases and Disorders (2.2)
Content standard: 2.2.2.CS.1 - Apply knowledge of human body systems to indicate how damage to one system can impact function in another system. 2.2.2.LO.1 Describe how malfunctions the nervous and endocrine systems affect other body systems and lifestyle. 2.2.2.LO.2 Understand how the structure of bacteria and virus dictates treatment protocols, concept of immune response and the impact of infections the society.
Indicator: 2.2.2.LI.3 - Identify and discuss the causes, symptoms, treatments, effects and impact of diabetes on the human body and human lifestyle.
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 17 (Week 17 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 64

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Managing Talk for Learning: Learners go through the diagnosis of diabetes using fasting blood sugar level values. Learners investigate the connection between insulin and blood glucose and how feedback systems in the body regulate the function of key hormones. Learners discuss and note the
causes (genetic, drugs, lifestyle, etc.), symptoms (weight loss, frequent urination, blurry vision, extreme fatigue, sores that do not heal and effects of diabetes on the body), treatment options (medication, diet, exercise, etc.) and effects on lifestyle (damage to blood vessels, which can lead to heart attack, stroke, and problems with the kidneys, eyes, gums, feet and nerves, erectile dysfunction, etc).
Experiential Learning: Learners gather different kinds of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, meat and meat products. Learners apply their knowledge of the digestive system to state the digestive end products of these foods. Learners are guided by the teacher to understand why they should choose non-fat dairy and lean meats and also limit foods that are high in sugar and fat. Remember carbohydrates turn into sugar.
Activity-Based Learning: Individually, create mind maps on diabetes, its causes, symptoms, prevention and treatment.
Teaching and Learning Resources:
- Projector
- Anatomical model
- Pictures
- Charts sample blood sugar tests
- Glucometer
- Anatomical models
- Pictures
- Charts
Assessment (2.2.2.AS.3). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 1 Recall; Level 2 Skills of conceptual understanding; Level 3 Strategic reasoning.