SHS3 Chemistry · Semester 2 Week 11: Organic Functional Groups

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 3.3.2.LI.1 - Explain the structure, preparation and properties of alkanoic acid derivatives and their uses in everyday life.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

Model and draw the structural formulae of alkyl alkanoates (esters), amides and acyl halides, and name them using IUPAC nomenclature.
Explain, with balanced chemical equations, how alkanoic acid derivatives are prepared from alkanoic acids (or alkanols) under specific reagents and conditions.
Describe the key chemical properties of alkanoic acid derivatives, including hydrolysis (acidic and basic) and reduction, writing balanced equations for representative reactions.
Discuss the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution (addition-elimination) at the carbonyl carbon of alkanoic acid derivatives.
Suggest suitable synthetic pathways for converting alkanols or carboxylic acids into alkanoic acid derivatives, and evaluate the major uses of alkyl alkanoates as solvents, perfumes and flavours.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Chemistry of Carbon Compounds (Strand 3)
Sub-strand: Organic Functional Groups (3.2)
Content standard: 3.3.2.CS.1 - Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the concepts of organic chemistry to describe the structure and properties of alkanoic acid derivatives and lipids. 3.3.2.LO.1 Explain structure, preparation, properties of alkanoic acid derivatives and lipids as well as their uses in everyday life. 3.3.2.LO.2 Explain the structure, preparation, properties of polymers and their uses in everyday life.
Indicator: 3.3.2.LI.1 - Explain the structure, preparation and properties of alkanoic acid derivatives and their uses in everyday life.
Suggested placement: Semester 2, Week 11 (Week 31 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 110

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Digital Learning: Watch videos, PowerPoint presentations or research on the internet and come out with the alkanoic acid derivatives (alkyl alkanoates, amides, acryl halide) and model structures of each alkanoic acid derivative.
Collaborative Learning:
- Write the structural formulae and give the IUPAC names of alkanoic acid derivatives modelled.
- Discuss the formation of alkanoic acid derivative from alkanoic acids, given specific reagents conditions.
Exploratory Learning: Design and perform experiment to prepare an alkyl alkanoate (ethyl ethanoate).
Talk for Learning: In pairs, discuss the chemical properties of alkanoic acid derivatives given the appropriate reagents and conditions.
Collaborative Learning:
- In small mixed gender or mixed ability groups, give PowerPoint presentations that focus on: a. The mechanism for the reaction between alkanoic acid derivatives with nucleophilic reagents. b. Chemical equations for reduction of alkanoic acid derivatives c. Ways of testing for the presence of amide and alkyl alkanoate
- Discuss and suggest synthetic pathways suitable for the conversions of alkanol or carboxylic acids to alkanoic acid derivatives.
- Discuss the major use of alkyl alkanoates as solvents, perfumes and flavours.
Teaching and Learning Materials:
- * Molecular models * 250 ml beakers * Concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid * Ethanoic acid
- * Ethanol Worksheets on synthetic pathways suitable for the conversions of alkanol or carboxylic acids to alkanoic * Charts showing major commercial acid derivatives * Worksheets with a variety of carboxylic acid derivatives and scaffolding strategies for their reaction with nucleophilic reagents * Oil * Caustic soda * Wood ash or plantain peel ashes
- * Brine
- Heat source 500 ml beakers
- Test tube racks
- Test tubes * Heat source
- CHARTS
- use of esters
Assessment (3.3.2.AS.1). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 3 Strategic reasoning.