SHS1 Chemistry · Semester 1 Week 19: Matter and Its Properties

Lesson notes

Learning Objectives

Indicator: 1.1.1.LI.2 - State and perform calculations involving various gas laws and analyse graphs based on the laws.

By the end of the lesson, learners can:

State Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Avogadro’s law and Gay-Lussac’s law, including the formula, variables and conditions required for each.
Sketch and interpret graphs showing the relationships between pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles of a gas.
Derive the mathematical relationships from the graphs and use them to solve problems involving each gas law.
Combine Boyle’s, Charles’ and Gay-Lussac’s laws to write the combined gas law equation.
Perform calculations using the gas law equations to find unknown variables such as pressure, volume, temperature or number of moles, giving answers with correct units.

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Curriculum details

Strand: Physical Chemistry (Strand 1)
Sub-strand: Matter and Its Properties (1.1)
Content standard: 1.1.1.CS.3 - Demonstrate understanding of the use of the kinetic theory of matter to explain the behaviour of solids, liquids and gases under different conditions and describe the laboratory preparation of gases as well as their uses in everyday life. 1.1.1.LO.1 Use the knowledge and understanding of the scientific practices in Chemistry to explain the structure of the atom as well as the stability of its nucleus. 1.1.1.LO.2 Use the mole concept to determine the amount and quantity of various substances involved in chemical reactions. 1.1.1.LO.3 Write mole ratios for chemical equations and apply it in quantitative analysis. 1.1.1.LO.4 Use the kinetic theory of matter to explain the behaviour of solids, liquids and gases under different conditions and describe the laboratory preparation of gases as well as their uses in everyday life.
Indicator: 1.1.1.LI.2 - State and perform calculations involving various gas laws and analyse graphs based on the laws.
Suggested placement: Semester 1, Week 19 (Week 19 of the year)
Our suggestion, laid out in curriculum order across three terms of twelve weeks. NaCCA does not fix the week, so follow your school's scheme of learning.
Curriculum reference: NaCCA curriculum document, p. 38

Exemplars (from the NaCCA curriculum)

Exploratory Learning:
- In small mixed-ability groups, research from the Internet, library, books and other resources about the various gas laws (Boyle's law, Charles' law, Avogadro's law, Gay- Lussac's law in terms of: a) The formulae b) Variables c) Conditions required
- Use simulation or charts to illustrate the relationships among the various variables.
- Sketch graphs of the relationship and deduce the mathematical relationship between the variables.
- Based on the Boyle's, Charles' and Gay-Lussac's laws, determine the expression for the combined gas law.
Task-Based Learning: Perform calculations involving the various gas laws.
Teaching and Learning Materials:
- apparatus * Chart to illustrate the behaviour of particles * [Simulations (PHET), video, virtual laboratory can be used here] * Graph board * Graph sheets * Long cylindrical transparent glass tube * Small wads cotton wool * Forceps or bungs (to fit into the ends of the glass tube) * Conc. HCl and Conc. NH
- 3
- * Protective gloves * * Retort stand with clamps * Strip of universal indicator paper * *
- Calculator * Worksheets with steps for the calculation
- Gas preparation kits
- Wooden splint
- water * Marble chips
- Hydrochloric acid * Magnesium ribbon
- Calcium hydroxide * Ammonium chloride etc.
- Universal litmus paper
Assessment (1.1.1.AS.2). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 4 Extended critical thinking and reasoning.