Matter and Its Properties

Collaborative Learning: In small mixed ability or mixed-gender (where applicable) groups,
- Discuss the main postulates of Bohr's planetary theory with the aid of books, charts or pictures on Bohr's planetary theory.
- Distinguish between a continuous spectrum and line spectrum and explain how the lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen are related to electron energy levels.
- Discuss the contribution of Quantum theories towards the development of atomic structure.
- Distinguish between an orbit and an orbital with examples.
Demonstrative Learning:
- Discuss and undertake calculations on the following Quantum numbers: a) Principal quantum number b) Angular momentum quantum number or Azimuthal quantum number c) Magnetic quantum number d) Spin quantum number
- Discuss the importance of quantum numbers to the electron structure of the atom.
Project-Based Learning:
- Model the shapes of s and p-orbitals using materials in the environment or clay or modelling clay or inflated balloons.
- Draw the orbitals modelled and describe the s and p orbitals.
- Discuss the number of orbitals making up the s, p, and d subshells and the number of electrons that occupy each.
- Watch videos to reinforce the concept learnt.
Teaching and Learning Materials:
- * ICT devices * Household items with labels * Chemical containers with labels * Containers having chemical assay * Personal protective equipment (goggles, laboratory coat/apron, hand gloves etc) * * Http://www.kentchemistry.com/links/atomicstructure/PauliHundsRule.htm Hydrogen peroxide * * Http://www.youtube.com.watch?v=2AFPfg0come
- Hydrazine * * Http://www.khanacademy.com Oxidising materials * * Https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZIAyNFLRFuw Flammable materials * * https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/rutherford-scattering Acetic acid and nitric acid * * https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/electronic-structure-of-
- Worksheets with incomplete nuclear reactions with prepared mark schemes * * http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpOAlj7sOEc Worksheets of empty orbital diagram for learners to complete * Worksheets with blank column for numbers of proton, neutrons and electrons * Fire extinguisher * Fire blanket * * Charts of hazard, prohibition and mandatory Material for setting fire * * Videos or charts of wrong practices in
- Markers * * Chart of the mass spectrometer Cardboard
- * Potassium permanganate and glycerol * Counters with up and down orientation to represent electron spin-pairing and boxes to represent orbitals * Modelling clay (plasticine) * Clay * Styrofoam * Calculator
- Models: Use One balloon per s orbital, per p-orbital, three (different coloured) subshell of P orbital
- WEBSITES * Chemsketch or simulation for filling atomic
- atoms/history-of-atomic-structure/a/discovery-of-the-electron
- * https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/electronic-structure-of- atoms/history-of-atomic-structure/v/rutherfords-gold-foil-experiment * Http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=m92QR7CBNoQ
- CHARTS
- * Mass spectrogram for analyses * Charts of experimental set-up of J. J.
- Rutherford's alpha particle scattering * Charts of line and continuous spectra
- Chart showing how the energy levels in series
- two balloons joined at their knots pairs of balloons to make one
- orbitals
- symbols the chemical laboratory
- Thompson's experiment and experiment
- the hydrogen give rise to spectral
Assessment (1.1.1.AS.7). The document marks these depth-of-knowledge levels for this indicator: Level 3 Strategic reasoning.